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Mammoth Site, Hot Springs : ウィキペディア英語版 | Mammoth Site, Hot Springs
The Mammoth Site is a museum and paleontological site near Hot Springs, South Dakota. It contains the remains of fauna and flora preserved by entrapment in a karst sinkhole during the Pleistocene era. Mammoth bones were found at the site in 1974, and a museum and building enclosing the site were established. The museum now contains an extensive collection of mammoth remains. Research and excavations at the site are ongoing. ==Formation==
About 26,000 years ago the cavern at the site collapsed. The resulting steep-sided hole, about 65 feet deep, was 120 by 150 wide at the surface.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mammothsite.com/geology.html )〕 Warm artesian-fed spring waters created a pond that was attractive to wildlife. Findings at the site include the remains of megafauna such as Giant short-faced bears along with those of shrub oxen, American camel, llama, wolves, coyotes, birds, minks, ferrets, prairie dogs, voles, and moles.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Northern Illinois University )〕 Invertebrate discoveries include several species of clams, snails, and slugs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mammothsite.com/invertebrates.html )〕 Over the course of the next 350 to 700 years, the hole filled with sediments and mammoth remains.〔 The remains of the living organisms in the site are not technically fossils, since they were not mineralized but preserved by the clay and coarse sand that accumulated within the sinkhole.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=The Geological Society of America )〕 As of 2012, at least 61 individual mammoths had been identified.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0309/mammoth.html )〕 The majority of the mammoth remains have been identified as those of Columbian Mammoths, although the remains of three Woolly mammoths have been found as well.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mammothsite.com/mammoth_info.html )〕 Mammoths that slipped into the hole found it difficult to escape. Researchers measuring the pelvic bones of the remains have determined that most of the victims were young males.〔 A hypothesis drawn from observations of modern elephants' matriarchal societies, in which these group members are expelled, concludes that this group was inclined to the risk-taking behavior that led to their entrapment.〔
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